The Country Of Lagos Nigeria - 1121 Words

The video â€Å"Lagos/Koolhas† does a great job of portraying the country of Lagos Nigeria which is a rapidly expanding city with very few resources to actually handle this rapid growth. Much like in other undeveloped countries these rapid development is resulting in many individuals living in slum conditions with few options for work. The difference between Lagos and other developing cities is Lagos is now considered a Mega-city an as of 2014 has a population of 24 million people, making it the largest city in Africa (Lagos Population 2016). With the population again set to double by 2050 the question that arises is it possible for Lagos to become a sustainable mega city, or will this rapid development continue to be a problem for years to come? The video shown in class â€Å"Lagos/Koolhas† really brings to light a major problem that is affecting the majority of the population. With the cities rapid development a majority of the population is forced to live in some of the worst slums that been highlighted in our course. These people are doing anything to survive, mostly working in the informal sector, selling whatever they can. Much like many other growing cities in developing countries a majority of Lagos has been developed with very little planning, which leads to the development of the slums that a majority of individuals are living in. These slums are built with whatever material is available at the time, and not suitable for humans to live in. They are crowded, dirty and unlikeShow MoreRelatedEconomics and Business Climate Overview of Lagos, Nigeria.1500 Words   |  6 PagesEconomics and Business Climate Overview of Lagos, Nigeria. 1.0 Background Information 1.1 Geopolitical Profile The smallest in area of Nigerias states (total land area of three thousand, five hundred and seventy seven square meters), Lagos State is the most populous state (with over eighteen million people according to 2006 population census) and unarguably the most economically important state of the country and the nations most urbanized (Economic Intelligence Unit, MEPB 2012). This large,Read MoreEconomic Growth And Development Of Lagos And Nigeria958 Words   |  4 PagesDevelopment The clustered nature of SMEs in Lagos and Zhenjiang gives room for economies of scale ,ideally it is expected to facilitate synergy, specialization, cost reduction via the use of infrastructural facilities available and supply chain processes (Lee et al, 2010).The realities present a sharp disparity while most clusters in Zhenjiang have a well structured supply chain with a robust e-commerce platform that facilitates international businesses, clusters in Lagos are mostly service and import dependentRead MoreChris Abanis Graceland1177 Words   |  5 Pagesthat stated, rather proudly, that Nigeria had a higher percentage of millionaires...than nearly any other country in the world, and most of them lived and conducted their business in Lagos. The editorial failed to mention that their wealth had been made over the years with the help of crooked politicians, criminal soldiers, bent contractors, and greedy oil company executives. Or that Nigeria also had a higher percentage of poor peop le than nearly any other country in the world.† (Abani 8) This quoteRead MoreReduction of Diarrheal Diseases in Under-Five Children in Lagos, Nigeria970 Words   |  4 Pagesdisease is very dangerous for children under –five years Nigeria is one the countries with high child death rate in the world. In the year 2010 for example, under-five mortality rate was 157/1000 live births and child mortality rate was 75/1000 live births (DHS, 2010). Diarrhea accounts for 19% of all childhood mortality in Nigeria. This essay intends to discuss the reduction of diarrheal diseases in under-five children in Lagos, Nigeria. The essay will dwell to assess the epidemiological issuesRead MoreMarketing Nigeri Nigeria s Largest Economy1231 Words   |  5 PagesDe’Angelo Collington Dr. Bunger WC 370 SSA 1/24/17 Marketing Nigeria In April 2014 statistical rebasing exercise, Nigeria has emerged as Africa s largest economy, with 2015 GDP estimated at $1.1 trillion. Oil has been a dominant source of income and government revenues since the 1970s. Following the 2008-9 global financial crises, the banking sector was effectively recapitalized and regulation enhanced. Nigeria’s economic growth over the last five years has been driven by growth in agricultureRead MoreDiscuss Whether Unbalanced Growth Necessarily Leads to Urban Bias1134 Words   |  5 PagesUrban bias exists when the overall economic development of a country is restricted or hindered by the urban-dwellers that are more able to pressure and manipulate the government and can do so to their own advantage. Wikipedia describes urban bias as â€Å"a political economy argument according to which economic development is hampered by groups who, by their central location in urban areas, are able to pressure governments to protect their interests†. The theory of urban bias stems from the UrbanRead MoreTHE POWER OF YOUR VOTE:A CATALYST FOR A STABLE AND UNITED NIGERIA900 Words   |  4 PagesTHE POWER OF YOUR VOTE:A CATALYST FOR A STABLE AND UNITED NIGERIA Everyone is familiar with the term voting. Many people have different meanings and perspectives of voting. Some might put it as the power of your voice,others that it is the ability to choose a good leader,and so many other ideas. For me as a person, I believe it is the access to chose a leader who you believe will lift,move and facilitate growth and create better societyRead MoreThis essay will describe and analyse the difference between the two articles, about urban cities1100 Words   |  5 Pagesreshaping of city lives and daily mundane. The essay will talk about the two choosing articles in regards to Urbanisation of London and that of Lagos in Nigeria. The first article is from a journal by Doctor Paulette Clarkson – London as a city of today, the second article is a reading text - from website. Firstly, two cities came to mind; London and Lagos. In first attempt, let’s take London as an urban city going back decades when the Second World War had just finish then. Like many urban citiesRead MoreEcological Footprint Of Sea Food Consumption1350 Words   |  6 PagesECOLOGICAL FOOTPRINT OF SEA FOOD CONSUMPTION IN LAGOS Lagos is surrounded by water, Lagos Island is practically on the ocean and the availability of water has contributed to the growth of Lagos in ways like Tourism, Holidaying, Transportation and food. The Atlantic coastline of Lagos is estimated to be 180km long this is an addition to the estuaries, lagoons, creeks and tributaries of major rivers that constitute the resource base for the thriving fisheries industry that are four in number. The totalRead MoreThe Current Consumption Of Nigeria Essay975 Words   |  4 Pagesis 7.5 kilos per person against global fish consumption at 18.7 kilos per person, implying and meaning that the country’s current consumption shortfall per person is still large, at 11.2 kilo per person. Catfish usually the primary fish farmed in Nigeria, sells for about $2.50 per kilogram which is relatively high while imported fish species sell for sixty cents per kilogram quite low. The government is targeting for substitution of species like mackerel, herring, horse mackerel, croaker and blue

The Uae Food Drink Free Essays

â€Å"How Near-Term Demand Weakness Is Reshaping Company Strategies† A New Report from Business Monitor international (BMi) The UAE Food Drink Competitive Intelligence Report Competition for market share in the UAE continues to intensify as food and drink firms battle against the conflicting interests of limited growth prospects but appealingly-high spending levels and as local players seek to ward off the ever growing threat of multinational competition. Responding to our clients’ requests, BMI’s food and drink analysts have just produced The UAE Food Drink Competitive Intelligence Report, analysing and comparing the strategies adopted by major players as they seek to exploit opportunities and mitigate risks in a rapidly changing environment. Whether you are a food and drink manufacturer, investor or supplier to the industry, you will benefit from the following key features of this report: the UAe food drink competitive intelligence report pUblished by bUsiness monitor internAtionAl Company Profiles on the UAE’s 10 leading food and drink companies, containing Company overview, latest Company Developments, Product information, local/regional/Global operations, SWot analysis, Company Strategy and Financial Performance. We will write a custom essay sample on The Uae Food Drink or any similar topic only for you Order Now Each profile provides hard-to-get competitive intelligence with which to benchmark the growth and risk management strategies of your competitors, peers, partners and clients. List of companies profiled: †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ Al Ain Water Al Ain Dairy Al Rawabi Carrefour Dubai Refreshments †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ EMKE FoodCo Masafi Spinneys Unilever www. usinessmonitor. com 9 BMI’s Investment Risk-Reward Rating ranks the uae’s attractiveness for industry investors compared to its regional peer group (Bahrain, egypt, israel, Kuwait, lebanon, oman, Qatar, saudi arabia). 9 BMI’s Business Development Directory gives you direct access to senior decision-makers and purchasers at leading food and drink manufacturers and suppliers operating in the uae’s food and drink market – providing a powerful business development and networking tool to source new clients, partners and suppliers. The UAE Food Drink Competitive Intelligence Report is available to industry professionals, strategists, trade bodies, government and regulatory agencies and international investors on preferential terms for a limited period only – Saving you 15% on your report order (see back page special Discount order Form). BMI’s clients, who include over 400 of the Global Fortune 500 companies rely on our competitive intelligence analysis and data to benchmark competitors and peers at leading multinational and local companies operating across Middle East African food and drink markets. CLIENT LIST †¢ Carlsberg MW Brewery †¢ Coca Cola †¢ Maersk †¢ Mars GCC Fzc †¢ Mitsubishi Corporation †¢ Pepsico International †¢ PricewaterhouseCoopers †¢ Red Bull †¢ The Boston Consulting Group †¢ Unilever North Africa Middle East REpoRT CoNTENTS SECTION 1 – CoMpETITIvE LANDSCApE ANALySIS 1. Company-comparative analysis of the leading food, drink and grocery retail companies, CoMpANy pRoFILES ExTRACTS: DuBaI REfREShmEnTS examining sales, market share and main product areas and facilitating the identification of successful investment strategies and themes. nd our broader macroeconomic growth forecasts. Company strategies are also examined in relation to key operational, macroeconomic and political risks. 2. Company comparisons are made within the framework of our industry growth forecasts â€Å" SECTIoN 2 – CoMpANy pRoFILES Companies Profiled: †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ Al Ain Water Al Ain Dairy Al Rawabi Carrefour Dubai Refreshments †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ EMKE FoodCo Masafi Spinneys Unilever Key PepsiCo franchise bottler Dubai Refreshments Company (DRC) is to invest in a AED400mn (US$108. 9mn) plant in the UAE to come on stream in 2012. The plant is expected to boost DRC’s annual capacity nearly threefold to 150mn cases and should, in our opinion, allow the firm to launch a number of new drinks as the wider soft drinks industry speeds up its transition away from traditional low-cost carbonates to higher value segments†¦ † Company Profile Contents 1. Company Overview: Date established, ownership structure, main business units, core maSafI business operations, leading products, market share. 2. Latest Company Developments: Ma, joint ventures, divestment/investments, projects, ontracts, new product launches, regulatory issues, announcements. â€Å" 3. Product Portfolio: leading brands and new product development initiatives. 4. Local, Regional Global Operations: Domestic sales, main regional/global export markets, foreign purchases, JVs and strategic partnerships. 5. SWOT Analysis: analysis of company strengths, Weaknesses, opportunities and threats allowing for an examination of factors – bo th internal and external – that will affect future company performance. 6. Company Strategy: Analysis of company responses to fast-changing local market conditions, ranging from distribution network expansion to exploring new markets and from portfolio diversification to widen sales reach to research and development investment to secure future growth prospects. growth y-o-y, set against historic 5-year financial performance; covers revenues, operating profit, net profit, Basic EPS and EBITDA. Masafi aims to strengthen its market position by introducing new products and developing manufacturing and marketing strategies. It has a wide range of products, ranging from a twolitre mineral water bottle to a sizeable juice range. The company also promotes itself as highly socially responsible, entering into partnerships with international humanitarian and medical relief organisations. Masafi has also been looking abroad for growth, with overseas sales now accounting for nearly 30% of its business†¦ 7. Financial Performance: BMI’s analysis of latest-available company financials and % † EmKE GRouP Financial Performance Table estle 5-year (2005-2009) financial information (chfmn, or % chg y-o-y for growth statistics) 2005 Sales Sales Growth EBIT EBIT Growth Net Profit Net Profit Growth Capital Expenditure CapEx Growth Earnings Per Share EPS Growth Source: Nestle Investor Relations 2. 08 3,375 8,081 11,876 91,115 2006 98,458 8. 1 13,302 12. 0 9,197 13. 8 4,200 24. 4 2. 39 14. 9 2007 107,552 9. 2 15,024 12. 9 10,649 15. 8 4,971 18. 4 2. 78 16. 3 2008 109,908 2. 2 15,676 4. 3 18,039 69. 4 4,869 -2. 1 4. 87 75. 2 2009 107,618 -2. 1 15,699 0. 1 10,428 -42. 2 4,641 -4. 7 2. 92 -40. 0 â€Å" UAE-based conglomerate EMKE Group, owner of the Emirate’s leading Lulu branded supermarkets and hypermarket will invest SAR1bn (US$267mn) in Saudi Arabia over the next eighteen months – a decision we believes makes sense given our view that Saudi Arabia houses the Gulf region’s most promising mass grocery retail (MGR) industry on a number of counts†¦ † SECTIoN 3 – MARkET ATTRACTIvENESS FoR INvESToRS Market overview analysis of sector maturity, industry expenditure, foreign investment, GDP contribution, key industry players, regulatory environment, imports and exports. SWoT Analysis trengths, Weaknesses, opportunities and threats analysis covering government policy and foreign investment environment, local manufacturing standards, growth and demand trends, demographic and macroeconomic trends, distribution infrastructure and supply chain standards and the competitive landscape. â€Å" RISK-REWARD RATINg ExTRACT: BMI’s Investment Risk-Rewa rd Rating BMI’s Investment Riskreward rating allows investors to weigh up the attractiveness of the uae as an industry investment opportunity relative to its regional peers: Bahrain, Egypt, Israel, kuwait, Lebanon, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia. Food and Drink industry and Country reward and risk scores (out of a total of 100) are weighted and combined to illustrate potential investor returns, as compared to other markets and to the regional average. middle east food drink risk/reward ratings rewards Bahrain UAe Qatar Kuwait Egypt Saudi arabia oman Lebanon *Israel 53 51 50 46 49 45 39 38 45 risks 68 69 65 69 57 63 67 48 73 risk/reward rating 57. 3 56. 5 54. 7 52. 6 51. 0 50. 8 47. 7 40. 8 53. 2 The UAE’s reward score is the region’s second highest behind Bahrain. However, its industry reward score is the lowest of the top three ranked markets, emphasising the relative maturity of the UAE market, with high existing per capita consumption levels. Although strong per capita food consumption growth is not forecast, which is the main card Bahrain has in its favour against the UAE, premiumisation opportunities have yet to be exhausted despite ongoing real economy weakness (mostly in Dubai) inflicted by the 2009 economic downturn†¦ † *Israel has been included for comparative purposes only. Had it been ranked, it would have scored fourth. Source: BMI. Scores out of 100, with 100 highest. For full methodology see Appendix at the back of our Food Drink Quarterly Reports, or visit our online service SECTION 4 – BUSINESS DEvELopMENT DIRECToRy The UAE Food Drink Business Development Directory Primary research, conducted in Q3 2010, brings together latestavailable, accurate data on top decision-makers at the UAE’s leading supplier companies, including ownership structure, company size and sales volume, expansion strategy, key partners and main products and services. Providing direct access to top industry decision-makers and purchasers, the directory represents a powerful tool to source new clients, partners and suppliers, and benchmark competitors. Sample Directory Listing Nestle Middle East FZE PO Box 17327 Jebel Ali Free Zone Dubai UAE Tel: xxxxxxxxxx Fax: xxxxxxxxxx E-mail: xxxxxxxxxx Website: www. nestle. com KEY PERSONNEL Chairman CEO: xxxxxxxxxx Finance Director: xxxxxxxxxx Communication Marketing Services Director: xxxxxxxxxx Sales Director: xxxxxxxxxx Head of Human Resources: xxxxxxxxxx LOCAL STATISTICS Annual sales volume: US$ xxxxxxxxxx No. f employees: xxxxxxxxxx BUSINESS ACTIVITY Nestle Middle East has 17 factories and 37 offices in the region and in March 2010, opened a new multi-million dollar facility devoted to manufacturing powdered milk and packaging imported Mackintosh’s Quality Street chocolates. The complex, based at TechnoPark, Dubai, also plans to manufacture chocolates and wafers from the new expanded facility l ater this year. Nestle Pure Life bottled water will also be produced and distributed from the facility. Nestle Middle East also sells brands such as Nido, Kit Kat, Quality Street, Nescafe and Maggi. INDUSTRY CLASSIFICATION Food Drink NATIONALITY / TRADE AFFILIATION Switzerland SUBSIDIARY OF Nestle SA, Switzerland NEWLY RESEARCHED IN Q3 2010 Core Company Dataset †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ Company name, web and postal address email, telephone and fax numbers Year of local registration employee size and sales volume (estimates) Main business activities, products and services Industry classifications nationality Global and regional HQs Special Discount order Form 15% Discount on The UAE Food Drink Competitive Intelligence Report oR up to 50% discount for all 13 Food Drink Competitive Intelligence Reports place your order online at: www. businessmonitor. com/bfr/australia Place your order online at: www. businessmonitor. com/dm/cir/food/uae Please tick the box(es) below, complete your payment details and fax back the form to us within 30 days latest on +44 (0)20 7248 0467 Intelligence Report at the 15% discount rate of â‚ ¬695/ US$975 (down from â‚ ¬820/ US$1,150). This includes 3 FREE quarterly updates, airmail and email delivery. i would also like to purchase the following Food Drink Competitive Intelligence Reports at the special discount rates below: [ ] australia [ ] China [ ] egypt [ ] india [ ] indonesia [ ] Malaysia [ ] russia [ ] All 13 Food Drink Competitive Intelligence Reports [ ] saudi arabia [ ] singapore [ ] south africa [ ] thailand [ ] Vietnam [ ] yES! i wish to order The UAE Food Drink Competitive Prefix / Full Name †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 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Gender and Clothing are Linked Phenomena -myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theGender and Clothing are Linked Phenomena forAppearance. Answer: Definition of man and a woman is connected to their appearance and appearance is indeed tightly connected with clothing. With the growth and development of society, science, economy and politics; people now-a-days look for unconcealed discrete beauty. In this modern society of 21st century, the culture of highlighted personality is greatly considered by the people all round the globe. In this era, clothing of men and women are very much alike than that was earlier. The pattern style, colors are all same, but in this context, clothing for both men and women are still culturally defined. The cultural expectations and norms are linked with the meaning of being a man or a woman and they are very closely linked in terms of appearance (Murrmann 2015). This paper is going to elaborate on the phenomena that gender and clothing are interconnected. In Indonesian countries, both the sexes wear sarong, which is a good length of cloth that is wrapped over the body to form a tube (Buckridge 2014). While in West Africa, both men and women wear wrappers- a rectangular piece of cloth that is tied around the waist. Similarly, the Scottish kilt is still worn by them at several social gatherings in order to form a cultural or social identity (Ray 2015). This also symbolizes the height of masculinity. In the North American culture, sarong, kilt or wrapper is rarely worn by the men, except in film or theater or any fashion show. Formerly, clothing style and gender have not always been fixed. They have enjoyed several latitudes (Ahmed et al., 2014). Hence, discussion about clothing and gender from an ancient viewpoint encourage awareness of the shifts concerning proper clothing for females and males. For example, conception of pink color is for bay girls and that of blue is for baby boys has not always been the same in every case. In fact, in 1918, the color rule was entirely different. It was indeed blue for the girls and pink for the boys (Grisard 2016). At those times, blue was interpreted as delicate and dainty; whereas pink was considered as more assertive and stronger. Through an analysis of the historical changes in the dressing style of men and women in Western countries during the 20th century, changes in the social meaning of clothing and its relationship with the gender can be easily understood (Autostraddle, 2018). During the 1950s, both the genders used to follow a strict code of appearance that was limited to subdued and neutral color patterns, angular design lines, less tight and natural silhouettes, bifurcated garments such as pants, well built shoes and fabrics along with simple hair style and face grooming (Ainsworth 2014). These were related to a focus on social, political and economic accomplishments, instead of providing attention towards changes in the fashion. Expect the necktie; the dress codes prevailing at those times did not obstruct any physical activity. The negative influence of conformity and infirmity is that the males may dress in order to secrete the aspects of their very identity is not always true of females. The busin ess attire or their uniforms are linked to a display of power that is facilitated by uniform nature of the dress. Mumford (2013) has pointed out that the uniforms strive a degree of control over the people who are bound to carry out the work of an organization, or are to encourage the members in order to express their ideas and interests, instead of their own. Thus, in this way they promote the ability or the potential of the groups in order to perform their tasks. The opportunities that men get at their workplace to relax on the casual Fridays have not rescued them from the load of conformity because they often adopt a Levi or Gaps uniform of the khaki pants and polo shirts (Reed 2015). Such a symbolic obedience to their work further signals for a privileged ingress or access to political and economic power in the post industrial society of occupational success. The traditional dress-for-success impression of women in the 1980s could be assessed as an impression cue, which announce d the intentions of the women in ascending the ladder of the corporate world. Women on the other hand, had a much more elaborated fashion style and code that signifies that they were allowed to wear some of the dresses that men wore. Like, in todays world, while men always wear pants and trousers; women wear both skirts and pants. In earlier days, (which may still exist in some rural areas), both men and women used to wear dresses which were similar in great terms (Keun 2002). As discussed above, in parts of Indonesia, Africa both men and women used to wear sarong and wrapper. But in this modern world, women have an unlimited choice of colors, fabrics, design lines, silhouettes to wear, which men cannot wear as they people perceive them to be feminine (Jovandic 2017). Historically, the standards of clothing emphasized the roles played by both the genders. Males were more focused on displaying their masculine beauty of resoluteness, strength and sobriety; whereas the females were expected to be blessed with feminine beauty of being kind, soft, gentle and ladylike. By the end of the 1990s, the neutral garment has become one of the most popular closet and by 2000, it has further transformed to widely expect as well. With a rapid development of society, along with rapid promotion of the rank of women in the society, there is also a rapid increase in no specific role confirmation for both the genders in the society in context to their profession. In present days, the use of neutral garments not only satisfies the self-confidence of the women in social competition but is also making the males enjoy the joy of fashion. Jeans, T-shirts, and pants fall under the category of neutral garments; colors such as white, grey and black falls under the category of neutral colors and dying of hair and short hairs fall under natural hairstyles. In other words, neutralism has become a trend in this 21st century. The characteristics and qualities that we perceive in relations to gender are intrinsic by nature (Karwowski et al. 2013). Emotional behavior was stereotyped as being feminine and physical strength was stereotyped as being masculine feature in the countries all over the world. Any straying from these expectations is enough grounds for isolation and detachment. The clothing styles and fashion trends significantly contribute to the social construction of genders. The presence of any standard for making judgment on beauty spontaneously appoints some of the groups to get in control of the others. Individuals are continuously judging each other in order to make sure that they are fitting into the correct classification of gender (Wolf 2013). Trendy and hip clothing are especially made for a particular minority group of females who are small-breasted narrow-hipped, skinny and tall. There pressure of fitting into such styles of clothes is producing insecurities among them. These anxieties of the adolescent are very common in this present world and has the potential to produce depression, eating disorders and can even led to suicide. Fashion and clothing now-a-days is used as a device to confine the women to a complex and inferior social order. It is although not new. Throughout history the females are been isolated from the males by their fashion dues to the society (Philip 2014). They would even risk to chronic foot pain, spinal disorders and trauma due to high heels and submit to a continuous preoccupation of agonize over the approval of men in context to clothing appropriateness. Clothing in current era is playing an integral part in the way people judge each other in terms of the amount of money they have, the type of music they listen, the type of education they receive, notwithstanding the type of clothes they wear. In many of the societies in the 21st century, gender is not regarded as a part of nature but is rather acquired as a ceremony of passage. In few of the tribal communities, obtaining gender status reflects responsibility and maturity. There is an unstated unity between the men and women of Australia that females will style their clothing as according to the part of the system that will favor the males. In a society where most of the women yet do not recognize the variation and imbalance of the genders, the extensiveness of the gender roles in many countries such as America and other Western country remains profound and perpetuated. Hence, it is to be concluded that gender as a cultural and social construction needs demands that is the correct sustains to effectively convince the public or audience that the gender presentation of a person is genuine. The dress that are worn by the present generation is layered along with many different meanings like that of gender socialization through dress codes and gender, culturally proper gender behavior, the traditional perspectives of gender and dress, social resistance, gender markers and dressing part of owns. References: Ahmed, J.U., Chowdhury, M.H.K., Uddin, M.J. and Ferdous, M.M., 2014. Sadakalo: marketing of traditional fashion in the modern fashion industry.Vision,18(2), pp.125-135. Ainsworth, J., 2014. Whats wrong with pink pearls and cornrow braids? Employee dress codes and the semiotic performance of race and gender in the workplace. InLaw, culture and visual studies(pp. 241-260). Springer, Dordrecht. Autostraddle. (2018).Mdchen in Uniform: Girl-on-Girl Culture Circa 1931. [online] Available at: https://www.autostraddle.com/film-history-is-queer-history-girls-in-uniform-125384/ [Accessed 14 Apr. 2018]. BUCKRIDGE, S.O., 2014. The rubaha, or Russian folk tunic, is a traditional Russian ankle-length, long-sleeved womens clothing usually worn under a sarafan dress or a poneva skirt (in the manner of an underdress).Ethnic Dress in the United States: A Cultural Encyclopedia, p.250. Grisard, D., 2016. Pink Prisons, Rosy Futures? The Prison Politics of the Pink Triangle.Queer Futures: Reconsidering Ethics, Activism, and the Political. JOVANDIC, S., 2017. Uniformity vs. uniqueness: personal styles in contemporary fashion. Karwowski, M., Lebuda, I., Wisniewska, E. and Gralewski, J., 2013. Big Five Personality Traits as the Predictors of Creative Self?Efficacy and Creative Personal Identity: Does Gender Matter?.The Journal of Creative Behavior,47(3), pp.215-232. Keun, I. (2002). The Artificial Silk Girl (Das Kunstseidene Mdchen). New York: Other Press, p.pp. 194. Mumford, E., 2013.Values, technology and work(Vol. 3). Springer Science Business Media. Murrmann, J., 2015. REVISITING ZNANIECKIS CULTURAL THEORY: DIFFERENT FORMS OF CONTEMPORARY TOURISM IN TERMS OF THEIR CONTRIBUTION TO THE WORLD CULTURE SOCIETY.Folia Turistica/Akademia Wychowania Fizycznego im. B. Czecha w Krakowie, (37 Anthropology of tourism), pp.53-67. Philip (Research Editor and New Dictionary Of National Biography) Carter, 2014.Men and the Emergence of Polite Society, Britain 1660-1800. Ray, C., 2015.Highland Heritage: Scottish Americans in the American South. UNC Press Books. Reed, C., 2015. Disrupting and Reimagining the Workplace through Casual Fridays.New Errands: The Undergraduate Journal of American Studies,2(2). Wolf, N., 2013.The beauty myth: How images of beauty are used against women. Random House.

We Should Not Pullout from Iraq an Example by

We Should Not Pullout from Iraq: Prevention is the Best Cure We all know that wars never get us to any good, but even if it is the generally accepted notion, we sometimes have to get involve to mend some things. The war on Iraq has ever been a resounding issue ever since the first US intervention. In this particular issue, it always seems that the US is always painted in a negative image. Critics accuse the US of having selfish political intentions regarding the situation in Iraq. What these critics are overlooking are the altruistic intentions of the US to help Iraq. They are also not considering the fact that the war does not only affects the US and Iraq. It is very likely that if the situation does not get controlled, things could go out of hand, even beyond the borders of Iraq. This is a global concern and the US is being blamed for trying to address it. Nobody is in favor of wars, but we must consider that the US has the capabilities to end a war that is affecting many people. Need essay sample on "We Should Not Pullout from Iraq: Prevention is the Best Cure" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed I am very much aware that the argument of this paper would raise some eyebrows. I would like to first clear that this paper has no intent of offending anyone because of racial issues that may be raised during the discussion. What this paper seeks is the consideration of some aspects of the war on Iraq. I would be posting some possible repercussions when we would pullout our troops from Iraq. It is very important to consider that these repercussions would not only affect the two countries involved, it could also have an effect of a worldwide scale. Let us just use a common saying for an analogy, we have proven through human history that prevention is the best cure. That analogy would work well in this context, after all, the US troops main purpose for they stay in Iraq is to prevent further harm from hostile forces. If we would consider when US troops had first pulled out from Iraq, terrorism had been augmented in Iraq. And this augmentation of terror is perpetuated by other surrounding hostile countries. They claim that they have attacked Iraq as a response to the American Imperialism. In these kinds of situations, it is undeniable that the Iraqi people would need addition help in terms of security. The US army has the capability of helping in the security, so why not? The US army is after all considered as, if not the most, one of the most capable armed forces in the world. Moreover, if we leave Iraq vulnerable to the surrounding hostile countries, would take control of a major part of the worlds oil supply. I personally believe that this particular aspect of the pullout does not require much expounding. The simple logic that there is nothing beneficial that would happen if the worlds oil supply would be controlled by terrorists, is already enough for me. We are currently having an energy crisis, if the terrorists would monopolize the worlds oil supply, we could just imagine the chaos that would breakout. Another important aspect that we should consider is the reputation of the US as a country and moreover, a country of the world. I know this may sound as negatively ethnocentric, but the image that the US is now getting more and more alarming. It seems that the US is building up a reputation as a country who cannot stand firm alongside the commitments we had made. During the past commitments of the US, we consequently get the reputation that we cannot be trusted when the situation gets difficult. A classic example of this is when the US had to leave the Vietnam War and consequently leave allies vulnerable to the enemies. The marines in Beirut and the famous Black Hawk Down incident are just other examples. If this trend would go on, the US would be just confirming the opinions of the critics. The worst thing that could happen is that the people might lose faith in the US strength as a nation, not to mention the opinions of other countries. But the most important reason for not pulling out our troops in Iraq is for the troops themselves. Moving the troops to Iraq had caused a considerable amount of time, money, and effort. Moving the troops out of Iraq would likewise require as much. Flying them out of the country would not happen in just days. Democrat presidential candidate Barrack Obama had said himself that it is approximated that moving the troops out of Iraq would take tow to three years (Anburajan). But the most critical point is that if we move the troops out gradually, the troops that would be left behind would be vulnerable to attacks. A gradual pullout would just translate to the gradual diminish of the military strength in the country. The only safe time when we could pull out our troops is only when the insurgents have been fully suppressed. The result of this would not only make the return of our troops safe, but Iraq would be left as a safe and politically stable place. As a conclusion, I would just like to reiterate that no one likes wars. I personally detest the concept of wars, just as much as everyone in the world does. But there are some situations that we are required to do things that we do not like, simply because we have to. We could just go back the analogy that prevention is the best cure. We could just think of the war as a bitter medicine that would help us prevent a disease. We could just swallow the bitter taste of that action taking into consideration the safety of the US, Iraq, our troops, and the whole world. If not pulling out our troops would be the key towards peace even in just one part of the world, I strong believe that it is a choice we have to make as a peace-loving nation. References Aswini Anburajan. December 15, 2007.OBAMA: TROOPS OUT IN TWO TO THREE YEARS. Berger, Samuel. National Security Adviser. America Must Not Pull Out of Iraq to Contain Civil War.

Gerontology and Gerontic Nursing Practice Essays

Gerontology and Gerontic Nursing Practice Essays Gerontology and Gerontic Nursing Practice Essay Gerontology and Gerontic Nursing Practice Essay NRS 353 Gerontology and Gerontic Nursing Practice Assignment 2: Assignment Questions Questions and Answers about Elderly People and Patients Submitted by: Fujimi Sakai Student No: 11413992 Lecturer’s Name: Christine Haley Due date: 25 January 2010 Date of submission: 25 January 2010 Introduction Health of older people has some issues which nurses should know. Older people tend to suffer some health problems, however, some people do not know about problems of older people and may treat them wrongly. These are some questions and answers below whose topics may be well-known but misunderstood. Nurses need to know scientific truth about health and health problems of older people and should reject myths of them which may be widely known. Q 1: Discuss reasons for why the elderly suicide Hughes (2006, p. 549) noted risk factors of suicide for older people: Majority of older people who commit suicide generally has depressive disorder when they are dead. Also, the elderly who have physical illness and complain pain are more likely to suicide. Luggen (2004, p. 636) added spousal loss are clearly relates to elderly suicide. Negative experiences such as loss of spouse or declining physical health are precipitating factors for depression (Hughes, 2006, p. 536). Also, these experiences might be more common for older adults. Thus, depressive disorder is one of common factors which cause the elderly people suicide and depressive events are more likely to occur for the older people because of loss of things they valued. Q 2: Define the word dementia Davies, Aveyard and Norman (2006, p. 491) define the term of dementia as â€Å"a range of brain disorders that have in common loss of brain function that is usually progressive, irreversible and eventually fatal. : Collectively, these conditions represent the most common serious mental illnesses affecting older people. † â€Å"Dementia can be a symptom of a number of conditions, including Alzheimer’s disease, vascular dementia, Korsakoff’s syndrome and Huntington’s chorea† (Eastley Wilcock, 2000, as cited in Mott Kingsley, 2004, p. 191). 1 Q 3: Is the use of restraints a justifiable approach for managing patients with dementia? Discuss Some older people who have dementia tend to wander. Luggen and Hill (2004) described â€Å"wandering is one of the most difficult management problems encountered in institutional settings. Each year some residents wander away from a facility and are later found injured or dead. † Thus, it is necessary to protect the elderly people from the injury or death. Restraints have been protections for the older adults and also meant security of the elderly and the staff (Luggen Hill, 2004, p. 401). Moreover, Davies et al. (2006, p. 516) mentioned there are insufficient human resources in the most care environment so that they cannot follow wandering of each older adult who have dementia and make sure of individual’s safety. However, restraints cause the elderly people to have negative emotions such as anger, fear and humiliation (Strumpf Evans, 1988, as cited in Luggen Hill, 2004, p. 402). In addition, physical restraints cause not only negative feelings of the older adults but also physical problems; for example, pressure ulcer formation, hypostatic pneumonia or constipation (Pisani, Partridge, Taylor Porter, 2009, p. 860). Hence, usage of restraint should be minimised as much as possible both form ethical and physical viewpoints. Restraints could take other risks of harm to the elderly people. Q 4: Discuss the alternatives to physical restraint in the care of patients with dementia As mentioned above, physical restraints cause health problems. So, it is important to minimise to use physical restraints or take alternative ways to the restraints for older people having dementia. Reasons why patients who have dementia wander are unique to individual and have particular meaning in their context or situation. Thus, care which they need can be differ in each person (Algase et al. , 2003, cited in Davies et al, 2006, p. 516). Koch (2004, p. 49) cited instances of some alternative ways of restraints; hip-protectors, safety helmets and surveillance equipment such as monitoring tags. These ways could protect the patients from injuries if they tried to wander. She also described adapting design of the facilities for the older patients, for example, using subdued colour in order to calm down 2 the older patients who are agitated and wander. Replacing liner corridor with connected pass ages that encourage the patient wander around on their own pace in the facility. These ways could reduce the patients who are wandering or cases of injury from wandering. The important thing to remember is the alternatives to physical restraints are not one. The alternative ways of the restraints can be mixed for fitting the individual’s behaviour of wandering. The alternative approaches to reduce the risk of wander may not be known as wide as a means of physical restraint. So, it would be important to extend knowledge of the alternatives in the workplace. Q 5: Define the term delirium Delirium is defined as â€Å"a transient disturbance in cognitive and attentional function, characterised by a fluctuating course and an alteration in the conscious state† (Street, 2004, p. 40). According to Luggen (2004, pp. 573-574), delirium is a common clinical condition for older patients and it often caused by emergency surgery and chemotherapy. The symptoms of delirium are reducing abilities to maintain and process attention both internal and external stimuli. They are difficult to respond appropriately, to follow commands and to talk coherently. Q 6: Describe three specific depressive behaviours which can be very convincingly mimic, or masquerade as dementia in order people so that it is hard to distinguish between two Treatment of depression is issues for aged care. However, â€Å"some mental illnesses and dementia need radically different approaches to care† (Mott Kingsley, 2004, p. 195), delirium and depression are often mistaken for dementia (Hunt, 2009, p. 235). So, older people with depression may not be receiving appropriate care. Three features appear in depression resemble these in dementia. Firstly, cognitive impairment can be seen both in depression and dementia, but the impairment of depression is reversible (Mott Kingsley, 2004, p. 195). There is also a difference. The symptom of depression is typically worse in the morning and improves late of the day, in contrast, the symptom of 3 dementia is relatively stable (Luggen, 2004, p. 574). Nevertheless, some older people with dementia become depressed. They might have both of the diseases (Hughes, 2006, p. 541). The second features of these illnesses are cerebral dysfunction. Both of the illnesses affect the person’s intelligence. People with depression can have memory and descision-making problem (Huges, 2006, p. 531), and so do people with dementia (Davies et al. , 2006, pp. 493,494). However, depression may cause psychomotor retardation, their ability of thinking is intact. On the other hand, people with dementia are impoverish of thinking. They often have difficulty with abstract thinking, judgment or finding words (Luggen, 2004, p. 574). Thirdly, people with dementia or depression may have problems with activity. They often have limitation of activities, for example, some of people with depression or dementia cannot do some basic activities such as cooking or cleaning. These problems are caused by different reasons, even though they have the limitations of activities. People with depression are reduced energy and it diminishes their activity (Hughes, 2006, p. 531). On the other hand, dementia causes apraxia. People who have dementia may be difficult to purposeful movement (Davies et al. 2006, p. 494), so some of them are unable to do effective activities for their life. Q 7: Discuss and analyse the barriers to effective pain management in the older person According to Hess (2004, p. 281), a number of older people who is living in community with pain is twice as many as younger people. Moreover, it is considered that a significant number of older people who is in long-term care setting have pain because of chronic health conditions that cause chronic pain such as musculoskeletal disorders and cancer. However, pain in the elderly people may not be treated effectively because of some barriers. Seers (2006, p. 463) mentioned â€Å"the nurse and the patient may have different perspectives on pain and its management†. These differences can cause barriers for pain management. From the perspectives of older people on their pain management, some of them hesitate to ask aregivers to relieve pain and 4 also to use the equipment like a patient-controlled analgesia pump. Furthermore, some older people have cognitive impairment such as dementia which impedes them to tell caregivers about their pain (Pasero McCaffery, 1996, cited in Seers, 2006, p. 464). These pains might be relieved if nurses/caregivers observe the older people carefully. However, some people believe my ths of pain in the older people which tell that pain is expected with aging and pain sensitivity of older people are less than younger people (Hess, 2004, p. 283). So, pain in the elderly might be underestimated, consequently, the pain management could not be done effectively. Moreover, insufficient knowledge of pain relief can be barrier for pain management. Opioids are used for pain relief, but some people may associate opioides as addictive substances. In result, the older people, their family or perhaps the health care team are reluctant to use opioids (Pasero McCaffery, 1996, cited in Seers, 2006, p. 464), and then the pain will not be treated efficiently. In summary, lack of knowledge of pain management often cause barriers to control pain in the older people. It may be thought some myth of pain with aging, relationship which the older people hesitate to tell their pain or fear of using the drugs can be obstruct active approach toward the pain. Q 8: Analyse the relationship between medication and falls in the elderly Street (2004, p. 142) mentioned falls are not caused by single and identifiable reason and are usually happened with several risk factors. He noted the several risk factors includes medications, especially tranquilisers and longer-acting sedatives. Tranquilisers are used as antipsychotics and sedatives are used as anxiolytics and hypnotics. These medications affect brains, and have adverse effects which increase risk of fall in older people. For instance, Benzodiappines are one of sedative substances which are used for sleeping disorders and anxieties. They might cause amnesia, diplopia and blurred vision as side effects (Galbraith, Bullock Manias, 2004, p. 328). Amnesia may increase the risk of fall of older adults, because people with amnesia are not aware what he/she is doing. This means people with amnesia has poor skills of attention, when they is walking. They are easier to stumble, 5 then may fall. Diplopia and blurred vision significantly affect people walking. Vertigo and impaired vision are risk factors of fall (Brians et al. , 1991, cited in Pisani et al. 2009, p. 850). Furthermore, aging brings physiologicalchange including pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. Metabolism of the older people is decreased, and medications need more time to be resolved in body of older people (Baker, Tiziani, 2004, p. 229). It results medication can be stored in their body. Consequently, the elderly people are easier to be overdosed and adverse effect can appear more frequent. Older people potentially have higher risk of fall because of weaken muscle and sense of balance. In addition, they often have one or more chronic diseases and need to take medications. Some medications increase the risk of fall because of their adverse effect. These side effect may rise the cases of fall in the older people. 6 References Baker, H. Tiziani, A. (2004). Medication issues. In Nay, R. Garratt, S (Eds. ), Nursing older people: Issues and innovations (2nd ed. ) (pp. 228-242). Marrickville: Elsevier Australia. Davies, S. , Aveyard, B. Norman, I. J. (2006). Person-centred dementia care. In Redfern, S. J. Ross, F. M. (Eds. ), Nursing Older People (4th ed. ) (pp. 491-528). Philadelphia: Elsevier. Galbraith, A. Bullock, S. Manias, E. (2004). Fundamentals of Pharmacology (4th ed. ). Frenchs Forest: Pearson Education Australia. Hess, P. (2004). Pain and Comfort. In Ebersole, P. , Hess, P. Luggen, A. S. (Eds. ), Toward Healthy Aging: Human Needs and Nursing Response (6th ed. ) (pp. 279-305). St. Louis: Mosby. Hughes, C. (2006). Depression in older people. In Redfern, S. J. Ross, F. M. (Eds. ), Nursing Older People (4th ed. ) (pp. 29-554). Philadelphia: Elsevier. Hunt, S. (2009). Older Adulthood. In Crisp, J. Taylor, C. (Eds. ), Potter Perry’s Fundamental of Nursing (3rd ed. ) (pp. 219-242). Chatswood: Elsevier Australia. Koch, S. (2004). Physical restraints: can we free older people?. In Nay, R. Garratt, S (Eds. ), Nursing older people: Issues and innovations (2nd ed. ) (pp. 243-258). Marrickville: Elsevier Australia. Luggen A. S. (2004). Cognition. In Ebersole, P. , Hess, P. Luggen, A. S. (Eds. ), Toward Healthy Aging: Human Needs and Nursing Response (6th ed. ) (pp. 567-599). St. Louis: Mosby. Luggen A. S. (2004). Mental Wellness and Disturbances. In Ebersole, P. , Hess, P. Luggen, A. S. (Eds. ), Toward Healthy Aging: Human Needs and Nursing Response (6th ed. ) (pp. 616-654). St. Louis: Mosby. Luggen A. S. Hill, C. (2004). Mobility. In Ebersole, P. , Hess, P. Luggen, A. S. (Eds. ), Toward Healthy Aging: Human Needs and Nursing Response (6th ed. ) (pp. 378-413). St. Louis: Mosby. Mott, S. Kingsley, B. (2004). Dementia, mental health and issues of abuse in aged care. In Nay, R. Garratt, S (Eds. ), Nursing older people: Issues and innovations (2nd ed. ) (pp. 191-208). Marrickville: Elsevier Australia. 7 Pisani, H. , Partridge, F. Taylor, C. Porter, T. (2009). Safety. In Crisp, J. Taylor, C. , Potter Perry’s fundamentals of nursing (3rd ed. ) (pp. 843-870). Chatswood: Elsevier Australia Seers, K. (2006). Pain and older people. In Redfern, S. J. Ross, F. M. (Eds. ), Nursing Older People (4th ed. ) (pp. 457-473). Philadelphia: Elsevier. Street, P. (2004). Acute care of older people: a geriatrician’s perspective. In Nay, R. Garratt, S (Eds. ), Nursing older people: Issues and innovations (2nd ed. ) (pp. 134-159). Marrickville: Elsevier Australia. 8

Case Study Of John Wayne Gacy English Literature Essay

Case Study Of John Wayne Gacy English Literature Essay John Wayne Gacy, a serial killer who was born in Chicago, Illinois, was the only son in John Samuel Gacy’s family of three children. He grew up in a family where they had an affectionate mother but a cruel father, an alcoholic, who used to discipline Johnny, as his mother called him, using a belt. The father used to be both physically and verbally abusive to the entire family; he would call Gary a â€Å"mama’s boy† and a sissy. Gary faced some extra hard childhood problems, including being molested by a family friend at only nine and being struck by a swing right on his forehead when he was eleven. The result was a head trauma that became root to a blood clot that was first noticed five years later; that is when he started suffering from black outs (Sullivan he attended four different high schools, dropped out of every single one of them and, at the end, never graduated. After a quarrel with his father when he was twenty years old, john decided to move to Las V egas, Nevada, where he got a job as a mortuary attendant for about three months. He then returned to Chicago, where, without having to go back to high school to seek graduation, he registered at the Northwestern Business College and graduated there. After his graduation, he managed to secure a management trainee position at a shoe company and made some major leaps in life after that, including getting promoted as a salesman in Springfield, Illinois, in 1964 and getting married to Marlynn Myers the same year (Kozenczak he constructed a basement at one of the restaurants where he opened a bar. Here, he used to take teenage male employees and forced them to perform oral sex on him. He also claimed to perform scientific research when he paid the teenagers fifty dollars each to have sex with each other; he called them homosexual experiments. Things got a little thick for Gacy in 1968 when two teenage boys claimed having being sexually assaulted by him; he got away with it when there was no evidence found. The same year, a youth confessed against Gacy; he had hired him to molest one of the two boys, trying to intimidate them. This time, he got ten years in jail after getting convicted of sodomy and on the same day, his wife filed for divorce – he never saw his children again and his father died while he was in prison, after which he had a pretty hard time trying to secure a compassionate leave to go and bury his father; he never succeeded. In 1971, Gacy was accused again by a young boy who claimed to have been sexually assaulted by him but the case got dismissed since the young boy never showed up in court. In 1972, another accusation for Gacy came up when he was arrested and accused of battering a young man. The man was claimed to have been battered when Gacy flashed a Sherriff’s badge, impersonating a police officer and luring him into his car. He allegedly forced him to fellate him but the case was dismissed after claims of the man trying to blackm ail Gacy for money were raised. Gacy continued to commit more crimes after 1972 including murdering many people, most of them young boys and men, committing rapes on teenage boys and other major crimes. Between 1972 and 1978, Gacy had raped and killed thirty three teenage boys.

The Rise of the American Empire Between the End of the Civil War and Essay

The Rise of the American Empire Between the End of the Civil War and The Early 20th Century - Essay Example The first American acquisition is Alaska in 1867 from Russia for close to $7.2 million largely on the initiative of the secretary of state William Seward1. Although his purchase was sufficiently unpopular at the time, the small American population unlimited economic growth limited them to experience economic prosperity with external traders and missionaries. However, with the discovery of gold in Juneau early 1880 brought about economic prospectors.   Gold in 1896 found along the tributary of the Klondike River was also reported resulting into the massive gold rush in 1897-8. The majority of the Gold miners utilized the precious grains of dust are nearly all in Canadas Yukon Territory creating is inaccessible region from the Alaskan coast. The majority of the gold-diggers come from the USA increased their gold returns. During this same period the United States accidentally acquired extensive overseas responsibilities such as leadership roles that transformed their nation into a powerful empire.   The gradual American involvement with the Hawaii that was annexed as a US territory during the 1900s led to a more dramatic increase in the US involvement overseas increasing Spanish America Spanish war of 1986. Some of the territorial acquisition led to emergence of conflicts. Undertaken with extreme reluctance among the American government, is the Spanish atrocities in Cuba increasing Cuba’s independence. The establishment of new territories as well as proficient armed forces of the navy which enabled them to excel in the war.

Combating Compassion Fatigue Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Combating Compassion Fatigue - Essay Example Adopting the definition by C. Figley, Sabo (2011) defines compassion fatigue as â€Å"natural consequent behaviors and emotions resulting from knowing about a traumatizing event experienced by a significant other – the stress resulting from helping, or wanting to help, a traumatized or suffering person.† The suffering and trauma experienced by the patient would trigger a response on varied levels in the caregiver thus varied empathy and engagement abilities with theorists arguing on individuals possessing high empathic response and empathy levels to the pain, traumatic experience and suffering of patients as being more vulnerable (Bush, 2009). From the inception of the term compassion fatigue, it has been widely associated with burnout, not only from the workplace negative environmental stressors but also from the physical and emotional needs of the patients which contribute to the caregivers’ anger, depression, tiredness and ineffectiveness. With a long term exp osure to loss and trauma, caregivers would begin integrating their patients’ grief, fear and emotions which would increase their own emotional pain and stress. The theory behind vicarious trauma postulates that such exposure to trauma changes the caregiver’s perspective or cognitive schema with regard to life issues like control, self esteem and intimacy. Secondary traumatic stress would incorporate both vicarious trauma and compassion fatigue due to empathic engagement with the resultant behaviors and emotions resulting in acute stress disorder. Bush (2009) differentiates these noting that burnout involves emotional exhaustion, vicarious trauma involves cognitive schema changes and compassion fatigue involves loss of self. Warning Signs Although the symptoms associated with compassion fatigue vary from one caregiver to another, there are red flags that indicate its existence. Considering the five concepts associated with compassion fatigue, first, the cognitive sympto ms would include lowered concentration, rigidity, disorientation, preoccupation with trauma, minimization and apathy. Secondly, warning signs in relation to emotional consideration would encompass fear, numbness, anger, guilt, anxiety, powerlessness, hopelessness, depression, sadness, shock, troubling dreams experience and enhanced or blunted affect. Behaviorally, caregivers faced with compassion fatigue would be irritable, moody and withdrawn and would experience poor sleep, change of appetite, hyper-vigilance and nightmares. Those affected spiritually would question the meaning of life, lose purpose, question religious beliefs, lose faith and lose purpose. Finally, the somatic symptoms associated with compassion fatigue encompass sweating, breathing difficulty, pains and aches, rapid heartbeat, headaches, impaired immune system and difficulty in staying or falling asleep (Mathieu, 2012). Nature of Problems and their Causes Working environment has been widely referenced as a key co ntributor to compassion fatigue. Prolonged exposure to environments presenting stressors including lack of colleague and administrative support and understaffing would keep caregivers under a situation of constant isolation and alertness which eventually causes mental and physical exhaustion. Interestingly, Bush (2009)

Early diagnosis of autism and impact on prognosis Essay Example for Free

Early diagnosis of autism and impact on prognosis Essay Autism and IQ Introduction Early diagnosis of autism and impact on prognosis: a narrative review   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Fernell, Eriksson and Gillberg (2013) based the study of the individuals affected by ASD on the magnocellular theory. The theory’s main constructs include that the people suffering from the disorder will have impaired magnocellular transmission networks and that the impairment is the cause of their problems in the processing of information on movement and motion. The theory also explains the problem as one, where results from the abnormal nature of magnocellular neural networks and a variety of sensory systems, unlike in the case of other similar conditions like dyslexia. The main constructs of the theory used by the authors of the article are based on the malfunctioning nature of the networks that guarantee that the working of the human brain is effective and optimal. The main constructs explored under the theory incorporated into the study are related in a variety of ways.Theyinclude the neurodevelopment deficiencies found in the brains of these individuals are the main cause for the impairment of the individual’s social instinct.The article draws on the behaviors that are manifest from the nature of these individuals, to conclude that the impairment of brain networks lead to socially instinctual deficiencies, for example,slowness in flicker-pedestal evaluations. In real life situations, the individual is not able to indicate the appearance of the different squares.Fernell, Eriksson and Gillberg (2013) contended with the premise of the theory that the effects seen arise from physiological underdevelopment of the brain. They also offered the explanation that impaired development or underdevelopment is caused by a variety of medical deficiencies. Based on the research done in a five-year period, they highlighted that there is a wide variety of causes, including the developmental deficiencies, early detection and trials to correct the issue and the effects of treatment. The effects explored included the impairments seen in the social functionality of the child and the outcomes of the treatment plan. For example, one of the effects explained was that there is little evidence of effective results arising from early interventions (Fernell, Eriksson Gillberg, 2013). The article explored a variety of variables that are either moderating or mediating, depending on their nature and levels, including being epileptic and the fragility of the x syndrome. In the working out of the various constructs, the researchers controlled for the outside factors and variables, and reached the conclusion that there is littl e effectiveness in the early intervention models developed. From the study of the meta-analyses of the studies published by Pub Med in last five years. The researchers found some information showing that the adoption of early intensive treatment led to the successful correction of the problems found in children suffering from ASD. The interpretation of the findings was that more study was needed to explore the link between the impaired development of the networks and the intensity of behavioral corrections. Based on the article’s area of study as well as its findings, some information gaps were exposed, including those on whether the mediating variables of epilepsy among others could hold the key to the positive outcomes. The effects of the mediating factors should be explored further, so as to find out whether it will be necessary to develop a new theory incorporating them (Fernell, Eriksson Gillberg, 2013). The main constructs explored under the theory incorporated into the study are related in a variety of ways.Theyinclude the neurodevelopment deficiencies found in the brains of these individuals are the main cause for the impairment of the individual’s social instinct.The article draws on the behaviors that are manifest from the nature of these individuals, to conclude that the impairment of brain networks lead to socially instinctual deficiencies, for example,slowness in flicker-pedestal evaluations. In real life situations, the individual is not able to indicate the appearance of the different squares.Fernell, Eriksson and Gillberg (2013) contended with the premise of the theory that the effects seen arise from physiological underdevelopment of the brain. They also offered the explanation that impaired development or underdevelopment is caused by a variety of medical deficiencies. Based on the research done in a five-year period, they highlighted that there is a wide variety of causes, including the developmental deficiencies, early detection and trials to correct the issue and the effects of treatment. The effects explored included the impairments seen in the social functionality of the child and the outcomes of the treatment plan. For example, one of the effects explained was that there is little evidence of effective results arising from early interventions (Fernell, Eriksson Gillberg, 2013). The article explored a variety of variables that are either moderating or mediating, depending on their nature and levels, including being epileptic and the fragility of the x syndrome. In the working out of the various constructs, the researchers controlled for the outside factors and variables, and reached the conclusion that there is little effectiveness in the early intervention models developed. From the study of the meta-analyses of the studies published by Pub Med in last five years. The researchers found some information showing that the adoption of early intensive treatment led to the successful correction of the problems found in children suffering from ASD. The interpretation of the findings was that more study was needed to explore the link between the impaired development of the networks and the intensity of behavioral corrections. Based on the article’s area of study as well as its findings, some information gaps were exposed, including those on whether the mediating variables of epilepsy among others could hold the key to the positive outcomes. The effects of the mediating factors should be explored further, so as to find out whether it will be necessary to develop a new theory incorporating them (Fernell, Eriksson Gillberg, 2013).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Randomized, controlled trial of an intervention for toddlers with autism: the Early Start Denver Model   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Dawson and colleagues (2010) did a randomized study exploring the effectiveness of the ESDM model of treatment. The ESDM is a developmental model of treatment based on behavioral interventions and is intended to lessen the severity of the effects of the toddlers suffering from ASD. The mediating and moderating areas explored through the study included the age of the children, which ranged from 18 to 30 months. The independent variables of the study included the delivery of ESDM model of treatment, and the dependent variable beingchecked towards theory development was the reduction in the severity of the ASD condition. The theory under exploration was the empathizing-systemizing theoretical model. The main position of the theory is that the children suffering from ASD get fewer scores in adaptive behaviors like empathy as compared to their peers (Dawson et al., 2010). The theory is based on the outlook that the effects of autism limit a chi ld’s ability to adapt to social situations and their environment.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The main constructs of the theory include the systematized nature of social functionality, sensory manipulation, and the working of motor-based systems. The relationship of the constructs is that the impairment in the development of the brain leads to the reduced effectiveness of the autistic child. The cause of the phenomena includes the impairment in the development of the brain. The effects include the low levels of emotional ability (empathy), sensory manipulation including tapping; and motor manipulation like rocking. The mediating variables included the ages of the children and were not demonstrated to have any effect on the effectiveness of the treatment (Dawson et al., 2010). In the operationalization of the constructs, the study used a study group and a control group. The study split the sampled children of ages ranging from 18 to 30 monthsinto two groups (control and study).In addition, it delivered the ESDM treatment over a two-year period and demonstrated that the method yielded results.The study adopted a statistically comparative study of the children’s standardized scores. The study showed that the treatment was effective, and the study contributed to the advancement of the theory that the developmental effects can be reduced. The results of the study could widen the scope of the theory among others as many have maintained the position that treatment does not yield results(Dawson et al., 2010). Systematic Review of Early Intensive Intervention for Autism Spectrum Disorders   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Warren and colleagues (2011)based their study on the theory of applied behavioral evaluation. The main constructs of the theory include that the principle that child learning can be utilized to improve the affected behavioral areas, through behavioral learning. The implications of the principle are that, despite that it may be impossible to solve the problems completely; it is possible to reduce the severity and develop behaviors that reduce their adversity. The relationship between the constructs is based on the outlook that behaviors are learned and that the impaired behavioral areas can be improved through specificallytargeted learning. The learning that is effective for different individuals is often different, depending on the severity of the ASD in the different areas of underdevelopment. The causes in a relationship include the impairments of the children’s brains, and the effects of behavioral training. The mediating factors explored in the study include the outlook of the behavioral training and its effectiveness. The aspects taken into account as determinants of the effectiveness of the process include the team that administers the behavioral training. In the operationalization of the constructs, the study explored the study explored the modeling based on the early start Denver system. The study entailed the review of the literature that explored the field during the years spanning from 2000 and 2010. The study was mainly a literature review of the studies done, in the past, in the area. The study did not apply any statistical analyzes, due to its nature. The findings of the study included that the Lovaas-based model of treatment, among a few other early intensive training for behavioral development, improved skills like language, cognitive abilities, and social behaviors. The interpretation of the results was that early interventionism is useful in countering or lessening the severity of the impacts of ASD. Autism spectrum disorders: an overview of diagnosis andtreatment   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Brentani and colleagues (2013) based their exploration of the problem of ASD and the corrective measures employed to address it, on the developmental milestones of children aged between 0 and 3.The article started by exploring the wide array of developmental impairments that resemble ASD, including a Heller’s syndrome.It emphasized that they all result from the faulty or compromised working of the child’s brain systems(Brentani et al., 2013). The effects of ASD explored include the abnormality of social engagement, creative play, and language skills. The major constructions explored by the authors in the review included the diagnostic models used, main areas of evaluation, the scales and tools for evaluating the problem and the information generated through epidemiological treatment models. In exploring the wide array of constructs, the authors reviewed the studies exploring ASD and the different variables. The relationship b etween the constructs includes that some contribute to the development of ASD The relationship between the constructs includes that some contribute to the development of ASD andothers are the outcomes(Brentani et al., 2013). The causes covered by the study include drugs administered for symptom control and the scales used to evaluate the problem and their effects on the management of the problem. There are no mediating or moderating constructs, but the dependent constructs include the change of the symptoms of ASD. The study was mainly a review of theliterature; therefore, it did not employ any research methods. Using the outcomes of the study, there was no information reported on the recovery of the subjects covered by the study after they were subjected to the corrective and management-based treatments. Further, the study gave the impression that it is necessary to develop multi-professional teams in the exploration of the problem of ASD. In addition to its engagement with management or treatment models (Brentani et al., 2013). Autistic spectrum disorders: Diagnostic and Therapeutic challenges in Mexico   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Marquez-Caraveo and Albores-Gallo (2011)explored the nature of ASD, which are developmental impairments that affect three areas, including the skills of communication, interactive skills in social settings and motor movements. The study explored in the article is based on the developmental theory of mind blindness. The theoretic model that emphasizes the blindness of the mind, is based on the concept that the autism of a child is initially noticed by parents. Among the other people within the social circle of the child as early as when they are as young as 12 months of age.The theory highlights that the areas of cognitive and interactive development that are impaired include the child’s ability to observe the behavior of another and then adjust in response. One example of real-life experience that demonstrates this area of weakness is that you will find the autistic child looking outside the window, but they will notice little on th e view outside the window. In exploring the theory, the researchers highlighted that less than 38% of families seek medical advice, even after noticing the developmental deficiencies that give evidence of ASD. The researchers also highlighted the necessity of training health and educational service providers, on the developmental course of social communication and interactions as well as language acquisition. By developing the experience and the knowledge needed to discover the problems of the children, they will report the condition before it escalates to levels that are more adverse. The theory highlights that the areas of cognitive and interactive development that are impaired include the child’s ability to observe the behavior of another and then adjust in response. One example of real-life experience that demonstrates this area of weakness is that you will find the autistic child looking outside the window, but they will notice little on the view outside the window. In exploring the theory, the researchers highlighted that less than 38% of families seek medical advice, even after noticing the developmental deficiencies that give evidence of ASD. The researchers also highlighted the necessity of training health and educational service providers, on the developmental course of social communication and interactions as well as language acquisition. By developing the experience and the knowledge needed to discover the problems of the children, they will report the condition before it escalates to levels that are more adverse.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The major constructs explored in the study included the discovery of the symptoms of autism, the instruments for assessing the problem, and the psychosocial treatments that can be used to address the problem. The relationship between the various constructs is one that demonstrates a continuum model.This is where the observation of symptoms should lead to the use of dedicated tools to study the problem and initiating psychosocial treatment to reduce the severity of the problem.The cause variable is the symptoms of ASD. The mediating and in some case moderating variable is the evaluation of the problem using dedicated tools. The dependent variable is initiating psychosocial treatment, which leads to the reduction of the problem. The constructs were mainly explored as a continuum of events, and not operationalized as cause-effect based phenomena. The study was mainly a literature review exploring the literature developed about ASD, its treatm ent and the course of discovery. The article led to questions on the importance of training/ teaching parents on ASD, so that they can detect ASD early and initiate psychosocial development for better outcomes. The mediating and in some case moderating variable is the evaluation of the problem using dedicated tools. The dependent variable is initiating psychosocial treatment, which leads to the reduction of the problem. The constructs were mainly explored as a continuum of events, and not operationalized as cause-effect based phenomena. The study was mainly a literature review exploring the literature developed about ASD, its treatment and the course of discovery. The article led to questions on the importance of training/ teaching parents on ASD, so that they can detect ASD early and initiate psychosocial development for better outcomes. The mediating and in some case moderating variable is the evaluation of the problem using dedicated tools. The dependent variable is initiating psychosocial treatment, which leads to the reduction of the problem. The constructs were mainly explored as a continuum of events, and not operationalized as cause-effect based phenomena. The study was mainly a literature review exploring the literature developed about ASD, its treatment and the course of discovery. The article led to questions on the importance of training/ teaching parents on ASD, so that they can detect ASD early and initiate psychosocial development for better outcomes. References Brentani, H., de Paula, C., Bordini, D., Rolim, D.,  Sato, F.,  Portolese, J., Pacifico, M.,  McCracken, J. (2013). Autism spectrum disorders: an overview of diagnosis and treatment.Rev. Bras. Psiquiatr.   35 (Supl. 1), S62-72. Dawson, G., Rogers, S., Munson, J., Smith, M., Winter, J., Greenson, J., Donaldson, A., Varley, J. (2010). Randomized, controlled trial of an intervention for toddlers with autism: the Early Start Denver Model.Pediatrics, 125 (1), e17-23. Fernell, E., Eriksson, M., Gillberg, C. (2013). Early diagnosis of autism and impact on prognosis: a narrative review. Clin Epidemiol, 5, 33-43. Marquez-Caraveo, M., Albores-Gallo, L. (2011). Autistic spectrum disorders: Diagnostic and Therapeutic challenges in Mexico. Salud Mental, 34, 435-441. Warren, Z., McPheeters, M., Sathe, N., Foss-Feig, J., Glasser, A., Veenstra-VanderWeele, J.A. (2011). Systematic Review of Early Intensive Intervention for Autism Spectrum Disorders. Pediatrics,127(5), e1303-e1311. 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Jesus the Christ: The Historical Jesus Essay example -- Biblical Histo

The Birth of Jesus We can see the birth of Jesus in Matthew (Matt 1:18-25) (Matt 2:1-12), Luke (Luke 2:1-2) and John (John1:1-18). Both Matthew and Luke tell us that Jesus’ birth place was in Bethlehem in Judea in the time of King Herod of Judea and Emperor Augustine of the Roman Empire. The gospels tell us that Jesus was born in a stable under an inn (Luke 2:7). This is unlikely because Bethlehem was the birthplace of David, who was Joseph’s ancestor. This means that there may have been a house with his cousins or extended family there. The Hebrew word for inn can also be described as ‘the upper room’ and in traditional Jewish houses, there was an upper room where the family stayed and underneath this was the place where the animals were kept. This could have been seen as the stable under the ‘inn’. Now because of the census performed by Emperor Augustine the Jews had to travel to their ancestral home that meant that the house Mary and Joseph were staying at could have been full, so the upper room was full, making the only available room for the baby to be born in the stable below. Jesus was thought to be traditionally born in 1AD after the Monk Dionysus Exigus tried to calculate the year, from the Birth of Jesus, by taking away the reigns of Kings. Unfortunately Exigus made a few errors and Jesus is now thought to be born a few years BC. We know that in Matt 2:1 and Matt2:16 (Luke 1:55) that King Herod the Great was the ruler of Judea. From Roman records we know that King Herod died in 4BC near the feast of the Passover. This means that the earliest time Jesus could have been born was early 4BC. Herod plays an integral part in determining Jesus birth date because it also could explain the Bethlehem Star, which we... ...s full and to stop the spread of disease. But after the three days cleansing period, some of the disciples returned to find the stone rolled away and the body of Jesus missing. Grave robbing was a serious crime punishable by death and it would have taken a team to roll the stone. But Jesus had told his disciples many times that he would rise again on the third day, which they obviously did not comprehend. He spoke to them later on when he appeared to them and to show he was still human said â€Å"see my hands and feet, that it is I Myself; handle and see: For a spirit hath not bones and flesh; as you see I have† (Luke 24:39). He shows the apostles the obvious wounds he still has from his crucifixion, and then invites them to touch him, vanquishing thoughts of an apparition. Work Cited New American Standard Bible. New York: American Bible Society, 1997. Print.

IOM Finished Paper Essay

a) Discuss the work of the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Committee Initiative on the Future of Nursing and the Institute of Medicine research that led to the IOM report, â€Å"Future of Nursing: Leading Change, Advancing Health.† b) Identify the importance of the IOM â€Å"Future of Nursing† report related to nursing practice, nursing education and nursing workforce development. c) What is the role of state-based action coalitions and how do they advance goals of the Future of Nursing: Campaign for Action? Summarize (2) initiatives spearheaded by your state’s Action Coalition. In what ways do these initiatives advance the nursing profession? What barriers to advancement currently exist in your state? How can nursing advocates in your state overcome these barriers? Robert Wood Johnson; a remarkable man. He is a man that changes the face of healthcare even after he is no longer on this earth. Robert Johnson, a pilot, writer, sailor, and activist, to name a few was devoted to his small family business to what is known now and Johnson & Johnson. He took a particular interest in hospitals and noticed hospital administrators needed specialized training and was a pioneer in the first school that provided that education. He also was an advocate for the patients that he saw get lost in the maze of healthcare. Being such an advocate for education and having such a humble heart for the needy, when he died he left the majority of his money to the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation. This Foundation continues to help the poor, and uneducated. However, this foundation is also the advocate for so much evidence-based recommendations for leading change and advancing heath in our health care society today. â€Å"In 2008, the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation (RWJF) and the Institute of Medicine (IOM) launched a two-year initiative to respond to the need to assess and transform the nursing profession† (IOM). The IOM formed a committee on the RWJF Initiative to develop a report that would â€Å"Make recommendations for an action-oriented blueprint for the future of nursing† (IOM). This was created due to the fact nurses have so many barriers to overcome to be able to provide optimal patient care (IOM). A path needs to be pave to be able to overcome these barriers, and this  initiative is jus t the tool to help start paving the way of the IOM report that will lead change in the future of nursing. There are several important aspects to the IOM report relating to the future of change in nursing. One of those is in the way nurses practice. One of the recommendations is to remove the scope of practice barriers (IOM thick one). This would require action on the congress and state level. From the Congress, they would need to â€Å"Expand the Medicare program to include coverage of advanced practice RN’s† (IOM thick one). They would also need to authorize advanced practice RN’s to perform assessments for admission into home health or long term care facilities (IOM thick one). These are just a couple of examples. On the state level, they would need to â€Å"reform scope of practice regulations to conform to the National Council of State Boards of Nursing Model Nursing Practice Act and Model Nursing Administratiive Rules† (IOM thick one). They also need to revise the way advanced practice nurses are reimbursed and make it easier for them to be paid for their services as long as they are within their scope of practice within their state (IOM thick one). This recommendation also expands to the Office of Personnel Management to require insurers to include coverage of services provided from a Nurse Practitioner. This would allow patients so see a nurse practionor if desired or needed to avoid long waits to be seen by a doctor as those are becoming short handed as well. Another aspect to the IOM report that came from the RWJF is looking at nursing education. There are several recommendations that came to light in this area. First is the recommendation to establish nurse residency programs. Getting all entities such as the state boards of nursing, the Secretary of Health and Human Services, Heath care organizations, services administration and Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services and philanthropic organizations all involved in developing and funding continuing education for nurses. These programs will not only expand competency but also vastly improve patient outcomes (IOM thick one). Education recommendations continue with increasing the proportions of nurses with BSN degrees to eighty percent by the year 2020 and doubling the number of nurses with a doctorate by the year 2020 as well. The pathway to help make this happen would be to help the academic nurse leaders to help pave the way for employers to help with funding, initiatives to continue such as raises and promotions, and to monitor progress (IOM thick one). Another aspect to the IOM report that came from the RWJF is looking at nursing education. The recommendation to â€Å"Expand opportunities for nurses to lead and diffuse collaborative improvement efforts† (IOM thick one) was made. This recommendation would lead to nurses being able to collaborate more with physicians in a leadership role conducting research and helping to redesign the healthcare system.

Exploring duality in Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde Essay

When Stevenson wrote the novella ‘Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde’ he seemed to have been influenced by various ideas. The first goes all the way back to an ancient Greek philosopher ‘Plato’. His theory of dualism was imaged as two horses clashing with one another. He believed that every human being was a charioteer trying to keep them balanced and in control. One horse being black representing the animal demonic side; this is the side being harder to control and contains instinctive drives. This expresses the dark side. Stevenson took this concept to another level and gave off the impression that in his novella the dark horse had been liberated taking over the white horse. The white horse portrayed intelligence, moral senses, and the angelic side of mankind. This side had less energy but responded to all the commands exactly. Jekyll evidently being a scientist had more characteristics of the higher horse (white), but every one has a demonic side it is natural to have a bit of dark side to them. Hyde stood by the dark horse he was all defective and didn’t take any consequences for his actions. Hyde’s charter was vey monstrous and beastly. This takes me onto the idea of Charles Darwin; his concept to duality was the idea of there being a ‘beast in a man’. He believed that mankind originated from apes. He also believed that there was two parts to human nature. Stevenson took this to an extreme when he introduced the character ‘Hyde’. Although there isn’t an exact description of Hyde’s appearance, Enfield did say in the first chapter â€Å"He is not easy to describe, there is something wrong with his appearance; something displeasing, something downright detestable†, â€Å"and he must be deformed somewhere†. This quote is the best to show the beastliness of Hyde. His actions also are not very human like a good example of this is when he tramples over a little girl. Stevenson adapts Darwin’s idea to his novella. The third and final influence was the Victorian society at the time. In this society men were forced to ‘hide’ their secrets from their public lives. There was a lot of hypocrisy in the Victorian times. People said one thing and did the other. Stevenson takes this idea; this influence is proved in the first chapter when Enfield and Mr Utterson talk about ‘Hyde’. â€Å"No sir I had a delicacy; was the reply ‘I feel very strongly about putting questions; it partakes too much of the style of the day of judgement. You start a question, and it’s like starting a stone, you sit quietly on top of the hill; and away the stone goes, starting other;† â€Å"and the family have to change their name. No sir, I make it a rule of mine: the more it looks like Queer Street, the less I ask. This is stating the fact that people in the Victorian times stayed out of each other business as they didn’t want people to ask about their personal lives. Men in those times got away with almost anything in Hyde’s case he got away with murder. People kept them selves to their selves, but they felt it was right to ask about other people. This shows dualism in a way that people were two faced as they kept secrets form each other. Before Jekyll become a scientist he was a very happy man that loved life and lived it to the fullest. Jekyll was born with everything given to him, he wanted to enjoy life but also wanted to have a status in the public eye; he wanted both things. This explains the duality of life. Jekyll says in one of the chapters ‘in concealed in on my own pleasures’ this means that his pleasure and desires were kept to him self. In order to achieve in life, he felt that he had to hide his faults from the world. The first information we are given about Dr Jekyll is form his old friend Dr Lanyon; he mentions the reason why they do not see much of each other. â€Å"Jekyll became too fanciful for me†. And that Dr Jekyll was interested in â€Å"such unscientific balderdash† This partly explains Jekyll personality as these comments would make the reader curious to know what Dr. Jekyll is up to. Later in the novella Jekyll makes his first appearance, he is described to be a ‘large, well made, smooth-faced man of fifty†¦but every mark of capacity and kindness†. To the reader he appears to be a kind man who you would not expect to do anything wrong. This is a sign of dualism in a way that Jekyll is given a false upfront of what he is really like. Jekyll also describes his personality as a â€Å"gaiety of disposition† Stevenson deliberately made this quote vague, but it instantly shows the slyness in Dr Jekyll does not want to tell anyone about his personality or life and exactly the things he got up to. This was because in the Victorian times you couldn’t talk about ‘prostitutes’ this was classed as completely wrong, you would be discarded from the society. Jekyll wanted to explore the dualism in a man and so he did; split his personality into good and evil. This is why he came up with the potion. When Jekyll first take the potion he describes his feelings in ‘The strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde’ Jekyll says at first ‘The most racking pangs succeeded’ he was in great pain, but then rapidly the feelings changed to the ‘incredibly sweet’ † I felt younger, lighter, happier in the body† already he experiences freedom. Jekyll was able to see a new side to the world, the evil side! He explains that these feelings ‘delighted him like wine’. Moreover, Jekyll desire from early life is to separate the two selves that are apparent but equally present. Jekyll learns how to free Hyde. But did try to control Hyde coming out, when Jekyll tries to cage Hyde for good, when he tried this Hyde didn’t come out for a long time, but Hyde was itching to come out, in the end Hyde burst out stronger than ever and becomes the more dominant one. Hyde was the powerful one while Jekyll loses the control he could maintain when he alone had actions. Jekyll becomes addicted to Hyde there for more dosages were needed. Eventually it is clear that Dr Jekyll is no longer in conduct of the transformation. In Henry Jekyll full statement of the case he says ‘I had not wakened where I seemed to be but in the little room in Soho where I was accustomed to sleep in the body of Edward Hyde’ Jekyll says he wasn’t in control anymore. A proof of this is when he says â€Å"yes I had gone to bed Henry Jekyll, I had awakened Edward Hyde† Dr Jekyll is more accepted into the society as being a scientist, people look up to him and respects him. In Jekyll full statement of the case he says â€Å"I found it hard to reconcile with my imperious desire to carry my head high, and wear a more than commonly grave countenance before the public†. This is telling us that Jekyll is giving off the impression that he is good at his profession almost being bigheaded. Hyde is the complete opposite his actions do not have consequences; Hyde’s behaviour is very ape like, just like his appearance (this goes back to Darwin’s theory.)The other characters cannot describe his outside shell as it is too hideous to describe. Hyde’s character is extremely cruel and evil. For example when he just tramples over the child in the first chapter, this shows the lack of respect for others. It also shows he is amoral. Stevenson used this marked contrast to make his point in dualism; every human being contains opposite forces within them, there’s always a different person behind a facade. This shows dualism in a whole different level. Stevenson used an aptonym for Hyde as his character â€Å"hides† in another character. The style of Stevenson’s writing is sometimes complicated as some of the sentences are longer than modern readers would normally read. Also the vocabulary is dated, and a lot of the words in the novel are no longer used. The most complex parts of the story are in Jekyll’s confession at the end. Sometimes Stevenson uses metaphors such as when Mr Enfield describes where he first met Mr Hyde as â€Å"some place at the end of the world†. He uses a lot of similes to show how inhuman Hyde really is, for example â€Å"like some damned Juggernaut† and â€Å"like Satan†. Alliteration highlights the unpleasantness of Mr Hyde; he is described as â€Å"downright detestable† and â€Å"hardly human†. Onomatopoeia emphasises the animal qualities of Mr Hyde by describing the sounds he makes as â€Å"hissing†, â€Å"snarled† and â€Å"husky†. Throughout the novella the theme of ‘hypocrisy’ is very large. Almost every character is a hypocrite take for example the police man. When the police man realised that the victim of the murder was a famous MP. You can tell from the police man face that his professional ambition meant a lot, as this would better his career and maybe lead to an early retirement. Jekyll is the ultimate hypocrite in the novella although he lives part of his life as someone else he cannot accept the natural evil inside him so he separates them. Hyde’s house keeper is another character that shows hypocrisy. She displays â€Å"odious joys† when she hears that her employer, Mr Hyde is in trouble with the police. She is described as having a face that is â€Å"worn smooth† with hypocrisy. Stevenson often uses the weather to reflect the evil within the surroundings. For example some scenes are described as foggy, which creates a sense of eeriness and mystery. Also wind is used to make the environment seem like it is full of violence and menace. Changes in the weather, for instance when Poole and Utterson are getting ready to break into Jekyll’s laboratory, also create a dark and evil atmosphere as when the wind caused the clouds to cover the moon. The house itself shows secret and hypocrisy as well. In contrast the door of Dr. Jekyll home â€Å"wore a great air of wealth and comfort†, whilst the inside of the house is described as â€Å"warmed †¦ by a bright, open fire, and furnished with costly cabinets of oak†. The good friend of Dr. Jekyll, Mr. Utterson, often spoke of it as â€Å"the pleasantest room in London.† This gives a totally different impression to that of Mr Hyde’s home. The description of Mr Hyde’s door would make it appear that the house was abandoned by the state of it. But as you enter the house there is a sense of elegance, luxury and good taste. You would expect it to be empty and unclean. A Victorian reader would not associate these two people together as they both live in different environments. They would only realise the association between them when Mr Hyde presents a cheque to the child’s family, bearing Dr. Jekyll name. This would make the reader curious of how these two know each other. However later on the reader is surprised to see that the inside of Mr Hyde’s house contains good wines, good pictures, silver plates, elegant table linen and thick carpets. These are items you would expect to see in Dr. Jekyll house. The dualism in Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde is almost similar to the modern days. Jekyll as a scientist had a super ego. He was very intelligent to come up with a potion that split a mans personality, but when the character Hyde occurs, he is the complete opposite. As humans we want a balanced ego, we want desires to be fulfilled but not all desires are good. So this makes a dynamic equilibrium. This was the theory of Freud. Jekyll is dominated by superego but Hyde being the id is trying to push his way in, which he does succeed in the end. In my opinion I think that Jekyll has a balanced ego as in the end he wanted to destroy both good and evil. I think this shows he is being considerate as he could have carried on being Hyde if he wanted to. â€Å"There comes an end to all things; the most capacious measure is filled at last; and this brief condescension to my evil finally destroyed the balance of my soul†. I think this is Jekyll thinking in terms of his super ego as I think this q uote shows that he wants to get rid of Hyde as the emphasis is on the word â€Å"finally†. The dualism in the story is significant to the book, without duality in the book it would have a different perspective on the whole. Stevenson’s main aim was to put his point across about duality. Stevenson reveals that the duality of human nature runs deeper than good and evil to rational versus and reputation versus true nature. Stevenson also uses different narrators to the book to give an alternative view on Hyde and Jekyll. No single account could explain to the reader the views of characters associated with Jekyll and Hyde. For example without the support of his friend Utterson, Jekyll would not be as strong Overall I think that this novella is very complex, but has an excellent understanding to it. I think Stevenson put the theme of â€Å"duality† init in an interesting way and related it very well to the Victorian society at the time. Stevenson also comments on the constant war and balance between the two characters. â€Å"There comes an end to all things; the most capacious measure is filled at last; and this brief condescension to my evil finally destroyed the balance of my soul†. In almost all stories the good always wins in the end as Jekyll rightly committed suicide as there was no other way out. However it also could be seen as the evil getting the best of the good side as Hyde took over Jekyll’s life and Jekyll producing the potion in the first place. I think that the story relates to this day and age in a way that people are hypocrites and have two sides to them, it gives a strong message to what could happen in the outcome.